Table 1

Summary of viral outbreak films

Film (year)Intentional/
Bioterrorism
Preventive measures takenPreventive measures violatedViral agent mutatesEpidemiologist/
Virologist character
Air/Border travel implicatedConspiracy plot (*guilty)
12 Monkeys (1995)YesPPE, hygieneNoYesYes—minorYesFringe group
Outbreak (1995)YesPPE, hygiene, V, SD, I/QPPE, V, I/QYesYes—majorYesMilitary,* US government*
Resident Evil (2002)YesI/QI/QYesNoYes (in sequels)Big Pharma*
28 Days Later (2002)YesPPE, I/QI/QNoNoYesWorld governments
Cabin Fever (2002)NoPPE, hygiene, SD, I/QHygiene, I/QNoNoYesPolice,* hospital staff*
28 Weeks Later (2007)NoPPE, hygiene, V, I/QI/QNoNoYesNATO*
I am Legend (2007)YesPPE, I/QNoYesYes—majorYesNo
Planet Terror (2007)YesPPE, I/QPPE, I/QNoNoYesFringe group,* military,* hospital staff*
Blindness (2008)Not statedPPE, SD, I/QSD, I/QNoNoNoMilitary, government
Doomsday (2008)YesPPE, V, SD, I/QV, SD, I/QNoYes—majorYesFringe group,* UK government*
Pontypool (2008)Not statedHygiene, V, SD, I/QHygiene, SD, I/QYesNoNoMilitary*
Quarantine (2008)YesPPE, SD, I/QPPE, I/QNoYes—minorYes (in sequels)Fringe group,* military,* CDC*
Carriers (2009)Not statedPPE, hygiene, V, SD, I/QPPE, V, SD, I/QNoNoNoMilitary, government, CDC*
The Crazies (2010)YesPPE, I/QPPE, I/QYesNoYesMilitary*
Contagion (2011)NoPPE, hygiene, V, SD, I/QV, SD, I/QYesYes—majorYesFringe group,* military, Chinese government,* CDC, WHO, Big Pharma
Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011)YesPPE, SD, I/QPPE, I/QYes (in sequels)NoYesBig Pharma*
Infected (2013)NoI/QI/QYesNoNoNo
Fedz (2013)Unavailable
World War Z (2013)YesV, I/QV, I/QYesYes—minorYesIsraeli government, Chinese government*
Maggie (2015)Not statedPPE, hygiene, SD, I/QSD, I/QNoNoNoGovernment,* CDC, hospital workers*
  • CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; I/Q, isolation and/or quarantine; NATO, North Atlantic Treaty Organization; PPE, personal protective equipment; SD, social distancing; V, vaccination.